A Journey Through Europe's Observatories

Europe offers countless tourist attractions, and observatories often don’t make it onto most travel itineraries. However, you can break away from the usual tourist path by exploring some of the world’s finest observatories scattered across the continent. Whether you visit one near your current destination or plan an entire journey dedicated to stargazing, you're guaranteed a stellar experience. Look at some of Europe’s top observatories and embark on your celestial adventure.
 

The European Southern Observatory (ESO)

The European Southern Observatory (ESO), a leader in space exploration for over 60 years, is Europe’s premier astronomical institution and the world’s most productive ground-based observatory. While its exhibitions appear in various cities, the ESO Supernova Planetarium & Visitor Centre in Germany offers a unique experience. Featuring the largest inclined planetarium in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, it combines education and innovation. After visiting, consider a scenic train ride from Munich to Salzburg for further exploration.

The Royal Observatory, Greenwich

The Royal Observatory in Greenwich, established in 1675 by King Charles II, rivals the prestige of the European Southern Observatory. Known as Flamsteed House after John Flamsteed, the first Astronomer Royal, it played a key role in advancing astronomy by pioneering universal time measurements, star charts, and positional astronomy. While later designated a historical site, the installation of the Annie Maunder Astrographic Telescope restored its function as a working observatory, though most scientific work moved to Herstmonceux in the early 20th century.

Ondrejov Observatory

Lesser-known observatories, like Ondřejov Observatory in the Czech Republic, offer remarkable astronomical experiences. Founded in 1898, it houses the country’s largest telescope (2 meters), along with a 0.65-meter radio telescope, contributing to the discovery of asteroids and over 700 minor planets. Conveniently accessible by rail, a train from Berlin to Prague takes just 4.5 hours. From Prague, a trip southeast to Ondřejov can be combined with exploring the city's rich culture and attractions.

Armagh Observatory and Planetarium

The Armagh Observatory and Planetarium in Northern Ireland, established in 1789, is a key centre for astronomical research. The planetarium, added in 1968, is the longest-operating in the British Isles. It offers immersive experiences with advanced projection technology, alongside exhibitions and workshops that explore the universe.

Pic Du Midi Observatory

Located on its namesake peak in the French Pyrenees, Pic du Midi Observatory, founded in 1908, is the world’s second-oldest astronomical facility. It features four notable telescopes, including a 2-meter Bernard Lyot Telescope. In 1963, NASA funded the installation of the Gentilli Dome's 1.06-meter telescope for lunar imaging. Recognized as France’s only International Dark Sky Reserve, Pic du Midi offers some of the country’s best stargazing opportunities.

Sphinx Observatory

The Sphinx Observatory, Europe’s highest at 3,571 meters, was established in 1937 in the Swiss Alps and is accessible by train and lift. Though only some areas are open to the public, it offers stunning views, including distant sights of Germany and Italy. The observatory features research labs, a weather station, a 76-cm telescope, and domes for astronomical and meteorological studies. Visiting observatories offers an unforgettable experience for all travellers, but be sure to check their websites for seasonal hours and booking requirements.